Similarities Between Modern American Society and Ancient Rome

Throughout history, civilizations have risen and fallen, often reflecting one another in governance, culture, and ideology. In many ways, modern American society mirrors ancient Rome—particularly in political structure, architectural styles, and social hierarchy. This likeness shows how the legacy of Rome continues to shape modern America.

One major similarity lies in expansion and global influence. Like ancient Rome, which extended its reach through military conquest and trade, the United States has developed a vast global presence. The U.S. maintains military bases in nearly every region of the world and wields significant economic power through trade and international institutions. This influence closely resembles Roman imperialism.

Architecture offers another connection. Many iconic U.S. government buildings—including the Capitol, the Supreme Court, and the White House—reflect classical Roman styles. Elements such as marble columns, domes, and grand facades echo the design of Roman temples and civic structures. These features project authority, stability, and power—values deeply tied to American national identity.

Social stratification also links the two societies. Ancient Rome had clear class divisions: patricians (elite landowners), plebeians (commoners), freedmen, and slaves. While the United States upholds egalitarian ideals, wealth and social status continue to determine access to education, healthcare, political power, and justice. As Scheidel observes, inequality remains a defining feature of modern society, much like in Rome (Scheidel 178).

Finally, the style of governance is another area of similarity. Rome functioned as a republic before becoming an empire, with elected officials, a Senate, and codified laws. Similarly, the United States is a constitutional republic with a bicameral legislature, a president, and a judiciary. The U.S. Senate mirrors its Roman counterpart in form and function. Principles such as rule of law, checks and balances, separation of powers, and citizen voting rights reflect Roman republican ideals. Flower notes that Roman political systems laid the foundation for modern democratic governance (Flower 118).

In conclusion, America’s global influence, public architecture, social divisions, and political framework all reflect ancient Rome’s enduring legacy.

Works Cited

Flower, Harriet I. Roman Republics. Princeton University Press, 2010.

Scheidel, Walter. The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century. Princeton University Press, 2017.